It is possible to qualify for an O-1 visa without having published any articles or research, but it may be more challenging to do so. In order to qualify for an O-1 visa, you must be able to demonstrate that you have extraordinary ability in your field of expertise. This can typically be demonstrated through a combination of factors, including awards, prizes, membership in professional associations, and published articles or research.
If you have not published any articles or research, you may still be able to qualify for an O-1 visa by providing other evidence of your extraordinary ability, such as letters of recommendation from experts in your field or documentation of your achievements and contributions to your field. It is important to note that the O-1 visa is a highly competitive and selective category, and it is generally reserved for individuals who are at the very top of their field.